The HTML 

This element includes the global attributes.

align 

This enumerated attribute indicates how the table must be aligned inside the containing document. It may have the following values:

• left: the table is displayed on the left side of the document;
• center: the table is displayed in the center of the document;
• right: the table is displayed on the right side of the document.

Set margin-left and margin-right to auto or margin to 0 auto to achieve an effect that is similar to the align attribute.

bgcolor 

The background color of the table. It is a 6-digit hexadecimal RGB code, prefixed by a ‘#‘. One of the predefined color kewords can also be used.

To achieve a similar effect, use the CSS background-color property.

border 

This integer attribute defines, in pixels, the size of the frame surrounding the table. If set to 0, the frame attribute is set to void.

To achieve a similar effect, use the CSS border shorthand property.

cellpadding 

This attribute defines the space between the content of a cell and its border, displayed or not. If the cellpadding’s length is defined in pixels, this pixel-sized space will be applied to all four sides of the cell’s content. If the length is defined using a percentage value, the content will be centered and the total vertical space (top and bottom) will represent this value. The same is true for the total horizontal space (left and right).

To achieve a similar effect, apply the border-collapse property to the 

 element, with its value set to collapse, and the padding property to the  elements.

cellspacing 

This attribute defines the size of the space between two cells in a percentage value or pixels. The attribute is applied both horizontally and vertically, to the space between the top of the table and the cells of the first row, the left of the table and the first column, the right of the table and the last column and the bottom of the table and the last row.

To achieve a similar effect, apply the border-spacing property to the 

 element. border-spacing does not have any effect if border-collapse is set to collapse.

frame 

This enumerated attribute defines which side of the frame surrounding the table must be displayed.

To achieve a similar effect, use the border-style and border-width properties.

rules 

This enumerated attribute defines where rules, i.e. lines, should appear in a table. It can have the following values:

• none, which indicates that no rules will be displayed; it is the default value;
• groups, which will cause the rules to be displayed between row groups (defined by the 


   

  ,  and  elements) and between column groups (defined by the   and   elements) only;
• rows, which will cause the rules to be displayed between rows;
• columns, which will cause the rules to be displayed between columns;
• all, which will cause the rules to be displayed between rows and columns.

To achieve a similar effect, apply the border property to the appropriate 

, 

, 

, 

, or 

 elements.

summary 

This attribute defines an alternative text that summarizes the content of the table. Use the 

 element instead.

width 

This attribute defines the width of the table. Use the CSS width property instead.

<table>
  <tr>
    <td>John</td>
    <td>Doe</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Jane</td>
    <td>Doe</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>Simple table with header</p>
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>First name</th>
    <th>Last name</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>John</td>
    <td>Doe</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Jane</td>
    <td>Doe</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>Table with thead, tfoot, and tbody</p>
<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Header content 1</th>
      <th>Header content 2</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Body content 1</td>
      <td>Body content 2</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  <tfoot>
    <tr>
      <td>Footer content 1</td>
      <td>Footer content 2</td>
    </tr>
  </tfoot>
</table>

<p>Table with colgroup</p>
<table>
  <colgroup span="4"></colgroup>
  <tr>
    <th>Countries</th>
    <th>Capitals</th>
    <th>Population</th>
    <th>Language</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>USA</td>
    <td>Washington, D.C.</td>
    <td>309 million</td>
    <td>English</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Sweden</td>
    <td>Stockholm</td>
    <td>9 million</td>
    <td>Swedish</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>Table with colgroup and col</p>
<table>
  <colgroup>
    <col style="background-color: #0f0">
    <col span="2">
  </colgroup>
  <tr>
    <th>Lime</th>
    <th>Lemon</th>
    <th>Orange</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Green</td>
    <td>Yellow</td>
    <td>Orange</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>Simple table with caption</p>
<table>
  <caption>Awesome caption</caption>
  <tr>
    <td>Awesome data</td>
  </tr>
</table>

By supplying a 

This helps people navigating with the aid of assistive technology such as a screen reader, people experiencing low vision conditions, and people with cognitive concerns.

• MDN Adding a caption to your table with
  
  
• Caption & Summary • Tables • W3C WAI Web Accessibility Tutorials

The scope attribute on header elements is redundant in simple contexts, because scope is inferred. However, some assistive technologies may fail to draw correct inferences, so specifying header scope may improve user experiences. In complex tables, scope can be specified so as to provide necessary information about the cells related to a header.

Example

<table>
  <caption>Color names and values</caption>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col">Name</th>
      <th scope="col">HEX</th>
      <th scope="col">HSLa</th>
      <th scope="col">RGBa</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">Teal</th>
      <td><code>#51F6F6</code></td>
      <td><code>hsla(180, 90%, 64%, 1)</code></td>
      <td><code>rgba(81, 246, 246, 1)</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">Goldenrod</th>
      <td><code>#F6BC57</code></td>
      <td><code>hsla(38, 90%, 65%, 1)</code></td>
      <td><code>rgba(246, 188, 87, 1)</code></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

Providing a declaration of scope="col" on a 

 element will help describe that the cell is at the top of a column. Providing a declaration of scope="row" on a 

 element will help describe that the cell is the first in a row.

• MDN Tables for visually impaired users
• Tables with two headers • Tables • W3C WAI Web Accessibility Tutorials
• Tables with irregular headers • Tables • W3C WAI Web Accessibility Tutorials
• H63: Using the scope attribute to associate header cells and data cells in data tables | W3C Techniques for WCAG 2.0

Assistive technology such as screen readers may have difficulty parsing tables that are so complex that header cells can’t be associated in a strictly horizontal or vertical way. This is typically indicated by the presence of the colspan and rowspan attributes.

Ideally, consider alternate ways to present the table’s content, including breaking it apart into a collection of smaller, related tables that don’t have to rely on using the colspan and rowspan attributes. In addition to helping people who use assistive technology understand the table’s content, this may also benefit people with cognitive concerns who may have difficulty understanding the associations the table layout is describing.

If the table cannot be broken apart, use a combination of the id and headers attributes to programmatically associate each table cell with the header(s) the cell is associated with.

Table Attributes

Table Attributes